本篇文章采用中英雙語編寫，方便各位師生一同交流學(xué)習(xí)英語。 

This article is written in both Chinese and English, which is convenient for teachers and students to learn and discuss English learning process together.

楊彭 Yoko

云南翰文教育投資集團(tuán)

云南經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院

日語教師

日本橫濱市立大學(xué)碩士

七年系統(tǒng)日語教育背景

攝影愛好者

Yang Peng, Yoko

Yunnan Hanwen Education Investment GroupYunnan University of Business Management 

Japanese Teacher

Master From Yokohama City University, Japan

Seven Years of Systematic Japanese Education Background

Shutterbugs

“山川異域,風(fēng)月同天?！?/p>

 “Mountains and rivers are different, but the wind and the moon are the same.”

前言 Foreword

很小的時候，我便樂于欣賞身邊的風(fēng)景，從窗臺的青苔，到拂曉的紅日。漸漸地開始養(yǎng)成了用相機(jī)紀(jì)錄身旁美景的習(xí)慣。出于對攝影的熱愛，慢慢地開始喜歡上了我們的東瀛近鄰——日本。于是決定選擇就讀日語專業(yè)，并在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后只身前往日本繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，同時用自己的方式記錄和品味著日本的風(fēng)土人情。

When I was very young, I was happy to enjoy the scenery around me, from the moss on the windowsill to the rising sun at dawn, I gradually began to develop the habit of using the camera to record the beautiful scenery around. Out of love for photography, I have risen my interest in our neighbor, Japan. So I decided to study Japanese and go to Japan to continue my study after graduation. At the same time, I recorded and enjoyed the local customs and views of Japan in my own way.

（留學(xué)日本期間的我）

（When I was studying in Japan）

中日文化同宗同源，又因為地理和歷史的緣故，各自發(fā)展出了獨特的文化與習(xí)俗。在我眼中，想要學(xué)好一個國家的語言，必須先了解這個國家的文化、社會和歷史。在日本學(xué)習(xí)的四年時間里，讓我更深刻地體會到了中日文化中的相似與不同。我認(rèn)為讓學(xué)生們更好地了解日本文化是學(xué)好日語的基礎(chǔ)，更是促進(jìn)中日理解，加深中日友誼的基礎(chǔ)。所以我想在這里和大家分享一些我在日本生活的點滴和自己對日本文化的理解，方便大家了解熟悉而又陌生的日本。

Both Chinese and Japanese cultures share the same origin, and because of geography and history influences, they have developed their own unique cultures and customs. In my opinion, to learn a country's language well, we must first understand its culture, society and history. In the four years of studying in Japan, I have deepened my understanding on the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese cultures. I think it's essential to learn about Japanese culture in order to learn Japanese language well, as well as enhance the understanding between China and Japan and improve the friendship between China and Japan. So I want to share with you some of my life in Japan and my understanding of Japanese culture, so that you can understand our neighbor Japan better.

《日本文化漫談?一》

Japanese Culture Ramble

Chapter One

大家好，隨著社會科技的發(fā)展以及中日交流的增加，我們接收到的關(guān)于日本文化的信息也越來越多。相信大家都曾在電視上或是書中看到過很多有關(guān)日本文化的東西，那么今天就在這里簡單地為大家介紹一下，作為現(xiàn)今世界上現(xiàn)存的僅有的37個君主立憲制國家之一，并且和中國淵源頗深的日本的“國名”，以及日本的“年號”，有著怎樣的歷史由來。

Hello everyone, with the development of social science and technology and the increase of Sino-Japanese exchanges, we have received more and more information about Japanese culture. I believe that you have seen a lot about Japanese culture on TV or from books. Today, I'd like to briefly introduce to you the historical origin of Japan's "name" and "era" as one of the only 37 constitutional monarchy countries in the world.

（日本名山“富士山”）

(Mount Fuji)

01 日本的國名是怎么得來的？

How did the name of Japan come from?

據(jù)說8世紀(jì)初受天皇諭旨出使中國（隋唐）的使者，稱其來自于“日出之國”，被認(rèn)為是日本國名的起源?！叭毡尽弊鳛閲皆谑澜缟鲜褂脮r進(jìn)入明治時代以后。除了這一正式稱號以外，還有“大和（Yamato）”的雅稱。

(計算機(jī)模擬的大和民族長相圖)

(Yamato ethnic features simulated by computer)

It is said that the emissaries who were sent to China (Sui and Tang Dynasties) by the emperor's order in the early 8th century claimed that they came from "the country of sunrise", which is considered to be the origin of the name of Japan. When "Japan" was officially used in the world during the Meiji era. In addition to this official title, there is also the elegant name of Yamato.

02日本的年號是什么的？

What is the Era Name of Japan?

日本的年號受中國文化的影響，自7世紀(jì)飛鳥時代就開始使用了。一般在天皇即位時制定新的年號，但在發(fā)生巨大自然災(zāi)害時為了一新人心也會更改年號。明治維新以后規(guī)定天皇在位期間只用一個年號。

Influenced by Chinese culture, Japan's era naming system has been used since the era of asuka （flying bird） in the 7th century. Generally, when the emperor ascends the throne, a ear name will be made, but in case of a huge natural disaster, the name could also be changed to encourage people. After the Meiji Restoration, it was stipulated that the emperor would only have one ere name during his reign.

(明仁天皇和皇后美智子結(jié)婚時候的照片)

(Picture of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko When They Married)

日本的年號受中國文化的影響，自7世紀(jì)飛鳥時代就開始使用了。一般在天皇即位時制定新的年號，但在發(fā)生巨大自然災(zāi)害時為了一新人心也會更改年號。明治維新以后規(guī)定天皇在位期間只用一個年號。

Influenced by Chinese culture, Japan's era naming system has been used since the era of asuka （flying bird） in the 7th century. Generally, when the emperor ascends the throne, a ear name will be made, but in case of a huge natural disaster, the name could also be changed to encourage people. After the Meiji Restoration, it was stipulated that the emperor would only have one ere name during his reign.

(平成明仁天皇一家（中）和他的長子令和天皇德仁一家（左）以及次子秋篠宮文仁親王一家（右）)

(Emperor Akihito’s family (middle), his eldest son Emperor Naruhito’s family (left) and his second son Imperial Prince fumihito’s family (right))

值得一提的是，直到現(xiàn)在，日本的年號一般都是出自中國傳入日本的古書籍。多數(shù)是《四書五經(jīng)》等唐代之前的古典文獻(xiàn)。比如“昭和”出自《尚書》的“百姓昭明，協(xié)和萬邦”；“平成”出自《史記》的“內(nèi)平外成”和《尚書》的“地平天成”。因為此前負(fù)責(zé)選擇年號的專家多由通曉中國古典文化的學(xué)者擔(dān)任。

It is worth mentioning that up to now, the era names of Japan are generally from ancient books introduced into Japan by China. Most of them are classical documents before Tang Dynasty, such as the “Four Books and Five Classics”. For example, " Syowa" comes from "The duties of all the officials have been identified, so that all the vassals of all countries in the world can coordinate and be obedient, and the people naturally become kind and happy." in "Shangshu"; and " Heisei" comes from " Both inside and outside, between heaven and earth, are peaceful." in "Shiji" and " Everything is arranged properly.” in "Shangshu". Thus, bacak then, the experts who were responsible for choosing the era names were mostly scholars who were familiar with Chinese classical culture.

(令和天皇德仁和皇后雅子當(dāng)年世紀(jì)婚禮時的照片)

(Wedding photos of Emperor Deren and Empress Yazi)

去年更新的年號“令和”，出處雖然是日本古籍《萬葉集》第五卷《梅花歌卅二首并序》中的“于時初春令月，氣淑風(fēng)和”，但這句詩也是化用了東漢張衡的《歸田賦》 “于是仲春令月，時和氣清”?！傲睢弊直硎久篮茫昂汀弊直硎卷樌?，同時也是日本民族的名字。日本首相安倍晉三發(fā)布了新年號的含義：“令和”出自《梅花之歌》，寒冷的冬天過去就是春天，希望每個人都像盛開的梅花一樣對未來充滿希望。安倍說，在感恩和平時光的同時，也決心與國民一起開拓充滿希望的新時代。希望新年號能廣泛被國民接受，進(jìn)而植根于每個日本人的生活中。

Last year's new ear name,"Reiwa", is originated from the Japanese ancient book "Manyoshu/Ten thousand leaves", Volume 5, "Thirty-two Songs of Plum Blossom in Parallel", which said "in the early spring of the time, the weather is gentle and nice", but this poem also was inspired by a Eastern Han Dynasty poet zhangheng in his poem of "Gui tian Fu" which said "So in the middle of the spring, the weather is nice and clear". The character "Rei/令" means good, and the character "Wa/和" means smooth. It is also the name of the Japanese nation. Japanese Prime Minister Abe has released the meaning of the new era name: "Reiwa" comes from the “Song of Plum Blossom”. After the cold winter pasted, there is the spring. It brings the hope of everyone would be as exciting about the future as the blooming plum blossom. Abe said that while appreciating the peaceful time, he was determined to work with the people to open up a new era of hope. It is hoped that the new ear name will be widely accepted by the people, and then rooted in the life of every Japanese.

(內(nèi)閣官房長官于2019年4月1日公布新年號“令和”)

(On April 1, 2019, Chief Cabinet Secretary announced the new era name of “Reiwa”)

（近一百年來日本年號一覽表）

(Japanese Era and Emperor names in the past years)

（我的鏡頭下的日本）

(Japan in My Camera)

日本天皇制延續(xù)到今天，從神話傳說的“神武天皇”到“令和天皇”已經(jīng)是第126代了，日本自1185年鐮倉幕府建立至1867年大政奉還，天皇權(quán)力被架空六百八十二年之久，明治維新之后日本逐漸走上軍國主義道路，昭和天皇指揮策劃相繼發(fā)動日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭和太平洋戰(zhàn)爭等侵略戰(zhàn)爭，給亞洲及世界各國人民以巨大深重的災(zāi)難。二戰(zhàn)后期日本以無條件投降為條件，使天皇作為象征性國家元首保留了下來。1946年，美國迫使昭和天皇發(fā)表人間宣言，否定其人間“神”的地位，承認(rèn)其不再具有神性，但是日本人民的心里還是認(rèn)為天皇是神。依照《日本國憲法》，天皇如今主要職責(zé)為任命內(nèi)閣總理大臣，批準(zhǔn)法律、政令及條約，召集國會，批準(zhǔn)國務(wù)大臣的任免，出席禮儀性外交事務(wù)活動和國家儀典等。

Japan's Mikado system, continuing to this day, has past 126th generation from the mythical "Emperor Jinmu" to  Emperor "Reiwa”. From the establishment of “Kamakura Shogunate” in 1185 to the “Return of the Great Power” in 1867, the Mikado's power has been suspended for 682 years. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually embarked on the path of militarism. Under the command and planning of emperor Showa, Japan launched the injustice war against China and the Pacific War, etc. These wars had caused enormous pains and disasters to people in Asia and all over the world. After the World War II, Japan surrendered unconditionally, which made the emperor a symbolic head of state. In 1946, the United States forced Emperor Showa to issue a declaration to the world, denying his status as the "God" of the Japan and admitting that he no longer had divinity, but til this day, same Japanese people still believe that the Emperor is a God for them. According to the constitution of Japan, the emperor is now mainly responsible for the appointment of cabinet ministers, the approval of laws, decrees and treaties, the convening of Parliament, the approval of the appointment and removal of Prime Ministers, and to attend ceremonial foreign affairs activities and national ceremonies.

（我的鏡頭下的日本）

(Japan in My Camera)

那么，關(guān)于“日本的國名”、“年號“和皇室的一些知識，我們這期介紹就到這兒，如果你對日本文化感興趣，千萬不要錯過我們今后將持續(xù)更新的內(nèi)容，下次見～！

So, this is the end of our the brief introduction of Japan's name, Era name and royal family . If you are interested in Japanese culture, don't miss the content that we will continue to update in the future. See you next time ~!

（翰文國際日語教室效果圖）

（Design of Hanwen International Japanese Classroom）

目前集團(tuán)和學(xué)校正在積極拓展與日本院校和企業(yè)的合作模式與緯度，為廣大有需求的學(xué)子打造一流的赴日實習(xí)、就業(yè)和留學(xué)深造的高質(zhì)量平臺。集團(tuán)和學(xué)校即將推出英語、德語、日語、泰語、韓語等多語種語言強(qiáng)化課程，豐富師生提升語言能力的渠道。敬請大家持續(xù)關(guān)注翰文國際公眾號平臺，了解更多國際化海外項目資訊及各語種語言強(qiáng)化培訓(xùn)課程信息！